撰寫推薦信在任何一位學者的工作中都是常見且必要的一部分。如果您是一名教授、研究實驗室管理人員或研究生導師,您可能會發現自己每年要為申請教職和獎學金的研究生和博士后研究員撰寫10至20封推薦信。
這項任務既費力又耗時,但也很有意義。這封信使您有機會反思某個人在您的部門里的個人發展情況,并為其職業生涯的下一步提供支持。
怎樣才是一封好的推薦信?
最好的推薦信應該是詳細而細致的,利用您對申請者的第一手資料來說明為什么他們非常適合這個職位或獎學金。最成功的信件在描述申請人的優點和成就的同時,會使收件人通過那些講述申請人特點和成就的故事來了解申請人。推薦信的語氣要直截了當,和善,對申請人表現出強烈的支持和真誠的熱情,但又不過分贊揚。
推薦信的典型格式是什么?
好的推薦信通常是一頁半到兩頁(單倍行距)。使用您所在機構的專用信紙,如果申請人提供了招聘委員會主席或獎學金委員會主席的名字,就用這個名字來稱呼收信人,否則把信寫給相應的委員會。在信的結尾附上您的簽名和您的頭銜。
撰寫推薦信要如何準備?
盡可能讓申請人幫您做好準備工作。根據他們申請的目標,您可以要求他們提供以下材料:簡歷、成績單、申請文書、目的陳述以及他們對自己的特點、技能和成就的自我評估。
花點時間寫下您對求職者的初始想法和記憶。您也可以從教授或指導過該申請人的同事以及申請人的研究同行那里收集意見。還可以通過讀幾封推薦信來熟悉這一寫作類型,并留意信中使用的最讓您感興趣的技巧。
推薦信模板
下面我們為您提供了一個模板,可以作為您的推薦信的一個框架。您可以把它當作一個腳手架,然后根據申請人、申請目的和目標受眾的特點來構建每一段落的具體內容。模板中建議的不同主題的段落可以根據申請人和申請目的進行重排、添加或刪除。
請務必使用您所在機構的專用信紙。
[Current date][Recipient’s name or Committee name][Recipient’s institutional address]Dear [Recipient’s name, such as Dr. X X, or Members of the X Committee]: |
[當前日期][收件人姓名或委員會名稱][收件人的機構地址]尊敬的[收件人姓名,如X博士,或X委員會成員]: |
Paragraph 1. Introduction. State your purpose for writing and explain your relationship to the applicant.Use the applicant’s full name (and title if they have a PhD) at your first mention and subsequently refer to the applicant by first name. Provide a one- or two-sentence overall description of the applicant.Example first sentences:It is my pleasure to recommend [Dr. Applicant’s first and last name] for [the position of X, or admission to X, or the X fellowship] at [name of institution].I am writing in support of [X X’s] application to/for [X] at [X].Example middle sentences:X was a graduate student in my lab, where she/he distinguished herself/himself as a talented researcher and a respected leader.I came to know X first when she/he was a student in my xx class, and next as her/his doctoral advisor. I would rank X in the top 5% of students I have advised in the past 10 years for her/his intellectual rigor and her/his strong initiative.Example closing sentences:I recommend X highly for your careful consideration.I have no doubt that X would be a strong asset to your program, and I am extremely pleased to recommend her/him. |
第1段。簡介。陳述您的信件目的,并解釋您與申請人的關系。第一次提及申請人時,請使用申請人的姓名全稱(如果申請人有PhD學位等,請加上頭銜),之后以名字稱呼申請人。用一兩句話對申請人進行總體的概述。首句示例:我很高興推薦[申請人的姓名]申請[機構名稱]的[XX職位,或XX入學,或XX獎學金]。我寫此信支持[XX]向/為[XX機構]的[XX]提出的申請。中間語句示例:XX是我實驗室的一名研究生,她/他因為做科研的才華和受人尊敬的領導才能而格外突出。我第一次認識XX是因為她/他上了我教授的XX課,而且后來我成為了她/他的博士生導師。她/他才思縝密而且富有主動性,因此如果將過去10年里我所指導過的學生排名,我將她/他排在前5%。結束語示例:我強烈推薦您仔細考慮XX。我毫不懷疑XX將成為您們項目中的重要一員,我非常高興推薦她/他。 |
Paragraph 2. Discuss the applicant’s work in the lab. Do not hesitate to be specific in describing the research question(s), process, and results. What were the applicant’s unique contributions? What challenges and problems did the applicant face and how did they handle them? How did the applicant interact with you and others in the research group? What level of preparedness did the applicant have? Comment on the applicant’s competency with specialized equipment. Evaluate the applicant’s skills in research report writing. In what ways did the applicant really stand out and shine? Relate an anecdote by way of example. You may need more than one paragraph for this topic. |
第2段。討論申請人在實驗室的工作。在描述研究問題、過程和結果時盡量具體。申請人的獨特貢獻是什么?申請人面臨過哪些挑戰和問題?他/她是如何應對的?申請人是如何與您和研究小組中的其他人互動的?申請人對該申請準備到何種程度?可以對申請人的專業設備使用能力,撰寫研究報告的能力進行評價。申請人在哪些方面真正脫穎而出?通過舉例來說明。這個主題可能需要撰寫為多個段落。 |
Paragraph 3. Comment on the applicant’s scholarship. How did the applicant conduct themselves in class? What was the applicant’s level of engagement? Is there a memorable in-class or office-hour discussion you had with the applicant? Is there an outstanding paper or project you can comment on? If you have been able to see the applicant develop and grow as a student and researcher, you could describe that development. |
第3段。對申請人學識的評價。申請人在課堂上表現如何?參與程度如何?您和申請者在課堂上或課后是否有過什么令您難忘的討論?有沒有優秀的論文或項目您可以評論?如果您看到申請人作為一名學生和研究人員的成長過程,您可以描述一下這種發展。 |
Paragraph 4. Discuss the applicant’s activities and accomplishments in the department and in the professional arena. If the applicant was a graduate student instructor, comment on their teaching skills and interaction with students. Did the applicant attend conferences, present poster papers, participate in any competitions, or contribute to journal publications? Describe their role and unique contributions in these areas. |
第4段。討論申請人在院系和專業領域的活動和成就。如果申請人是研究生導師,可以評論他們的教學技能和與學生的互動。申請人是否參加過會議、做過海報展示、參加過什么競賽或發表過期刊論文?描述他們在這些領域的作用和獨特貢獻。 |
Paragraph 5. If relevant, describe the applicant’s character and qualities using examples from areas outside of the field of study to underscore their potential for the position or fellowship. This could be an area to discuss significant volunteer work or special skills or talents. |
第5段。如果相關的話,通過研究領域以外的例子來描述申請人的性格和品質,以突顯他們在該職位或獎學金方面的潛力。比如討論重要的志愿者工作或特殊技能或才能。 |
Paragraph 6. Evaluate the applicant in relation to other graduate students in the same area. Where does this student rank, and for what strengths and qualities? Also discuss what others say about this applicant; for example, relate the opinions of other professors or the applicant’s peers. |
第6段。通過與同一領域的其他研究生的比較來評估申請人。這個學生的排名如何,優勢和素質如何?同時討論其他人對該申請人的評價;例如,其他教授或申請人的同學們有什么樣的意見。 |
Paragraph 7. Closing. Give a final summation and reiterate your strong recommendation. How does all you have said about the applicant speak to their suitability for the fellowship and their potential to excel? |
第7段。結語。最后總結并重申您的強烈建議。您所說的關于申請者的一切都如何說明他們多么適合該獎學金以及他們有什么樣的潛力勝任? |
Sincerely,[Your signature][Your full name][Your title, such as Professor of X] |
真誠的,[您的簽名][您的全名][您的頭銜,比如X教授] |
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